Fiddleheads are the young furled coiled up heads of a young fern. As it is evident from the available literatures, there is still a serious derth of information pertaining to the pteridophyte. Likewise, among gymnosperms the separation of a microphyllous coniferophytalean line encompassing conifers and ginkgoids from a megaphyllous cycadophytalean line has hardly been challenged since the. This author lists a total of 671 references, but only one work had been carried out in brazil miraglia et al. Most pteridophytes are terrestrial and grows in moist and shady places while some flourish well in open dry places.
Various animals use the fronds as food while birds and small creatures use the plants for cover. Hfecycle, come the group of plants known as pteridophytes, for they share with. Sporophyte morphology and gametophyte development of the fern blechnum sprucei pteridophyta. The pteridophytes are found in cool, damp, shady places though some may flourish well in sandy soil conditions. Phytochemical studies in pteridophytes growing in brazil. Living pteridophytes are conveniently subdivided into true ferns and fern allies, the latter formed by lycopods, horsetails and psilotates. In this article we will discuss about the characters and economic importance of pteridophytes.
Pteridophytes general characters ppt general characteristics, life cycle and reproduction of pteridophytes ppt what are pteridophytes. Sporophyte morphology and gametophyte development of the fern. Seed plants include the angiosperms, the conifers, and a smaller assortment of other plants. Some of the species belonging to this division have small leaves called the microphylls. Classification of pteridophyta linkedin slideshare. This pdf version does not have an isbn or issn and is not therefore effectively published melbourne code, art. If you are generating a pdf of a journal article or book chapter, please feel free. The plant list includes 46,428 scientific plant names of species rank for the pteridophytes. Themorphologof pteridophytes biologicalsciences professorh.
The classes in this division represent some of the oldest lineages of land plants. Later on modern biological and pharmaceutical studies were. Pdf a classification for extant ferns researchgate. The structure of ferns and allied plants by k r sporne online at alibris. Useful notes on the classification of pteridophytes. A pteridophyte is a vascular plant with xylem and phloem that disperses spores. Characteristics of pteridophytes, morphology of pteridophytes, reproduction of pteridophytes, homosporous and heterosporous pteridophytes, megaspore and microspores, gametophytes of pteridophytes, fertilization, zygote and embryo of pteridophytes, life cycle. In addition, because the pteridophytes have unique characteristics from the flowering plants, a preferred terms list and order of characters list is being provided to you. On the basis of their anatomy jeffrey in 1902 divided the vascular plants into two types or stocks. A phytogeographic analysis of choc6 pteridophytes d. Pteridophytes pteridophytes is a general term for the vascular, free.
The different species of selaginella are grown as the garden plants. Some pteridophytes are aquatic marselia, azolla and some are epiphytes ophioglossum pendulum. Besides having various medicinal properties, the pteridophytes are also employed for a variety of commercial and environmental purposes. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Classification of pteridophytes for a long time the division pteridophyta includedthe ferns, lycopods and horsetails. Phytochemical studies in brazilian pteridophytes soeder 1985 reported a large inventory of papers that appeared between 1966 and 1984 on the chemical constituents of pteridophytes. Experimental studies of bryophytes, pteridophytes and gymnospersms are discussed from recent literature. Introduction to the treatment of pteridophytes springerlink. Must eat cooked or steamed, not raw, although some people do eat fiddleheads raw and end up getting throat and gastric cancers. A revised classification of new zealand pteridophytes with a. In a book of this limited size it is impossible to describe in detail all the fossil plants that are known. Flora of china pteridophytes preferred terms list 1 section 12 of the foc guidelines gives formatting instructions for the descriptions. The other two phyla are marchantiophyta or liverworts and anthocerotophyta or hornworts.
Pteridophyta characteristics, life cycle, classification. Most of the pteridophytes ferns and fernallies show their luxuriant and vigorous growth during the rainy season particularly in the hilly regions usually above 1400 m altitude. The wings merge imperceptibly with the midrib up to four cells thick near. A concept based exclusive material pteridophytes, gymnosperms. Bartholomewbegan with over 12,000 species recognized worldwide m. Powered by create your own unique website with customizable templates.
You might be surprised to learn that, in terms of biodiversity, b. The book gives a detailed account of the life cycles including morphology, physiology, dispersal mechanisms, stages, etc. A few pteridophytes are aquatic while still others are. Tree fern growth strategy in the late devonian cladoxylopsid species pietzschia levis from the study of its stem and root system american journal of botany. The better known pteridophytes are ferns and maidenhair, from the filicinae filicopsida group, and selaginellas, mosslike plants from the lycopodinae group lycopsida. A good portion of the image references used here tap fine image resources for nonflowering vascular plants. Species richness of pteridophytes in a montane atlantic. The lycopodopsida clubmoss class was the first branch of the evolutionary tree. Leaves can be microphyllous small without forming leaf gaps in vascular supply of. Some pteridophytes are aquatic and some are epiphytes.
As in seed plants, the greatest diversity of pteridophytes is found in the tropics, with only about six hundred species adapted for life in temperate climates. And among the first of the plants to truly live on land were the pteridophytes. Some pteridophytes are further united by the presence of a single leaf per vein, an arrangement known as a microphyll. The sporophyte is the conspicuous and familiar plant body.
It is speculated that life began in the oceans, and through millions of years of evolution, life slowly adapted on to dry land. Ethnomedicinal uses of pteridophytes of kumaun himalaya upreti, et al. Pteridophytes are polysporangiate, either homosporous or heterosporous. Pdf sporophyte morphology and gametophyte development of the.
Pdf we present a revised classification for extant ferns, with emphasis on ordinal and familial ranks, and a synopsis of included. Accordingly several major groups of vascular plants, many minor groups and a large number of genera have had to be omitted. Ethnomedicinal uses of pteridophytes of kumaon himalaya. In 1880, the cryptogams of the plant kingdom were divided. Pteridophytes article about pteridophytes by the free. Clubmosses, quillworts, and spikemosses have this simple leaf arrangement. Most pteridophytes are terrestrial and grow in moist and shady places while some flourish well in open, dry places especially in xeric conditions. Pteridophytes, also known as vascular cryptogams and ferns and fern allies, comprise about 12 000 species of vascular plants that do not produce. Pteridophyta living in water are known as hydrophyte, sticking in other plants are called epiphyte and living in residue or waste of other plants are known as saprophyte. Download pdf download all download jpeg 2000 download text the morphology of pteridophytes. As the first tracheophytes, pteridophytes were also the first plants to extensively colonize the terrestrial environment, forming forests. Some other uses are ferns provide natural vegetation thats important to both wildlife and birds.
Pteridophytes may represent the closest living relatives sister group to the seed plants. Species of pteridophytes contained within the plant list belong to 35 plant families and 568 plant genera. Nuclear dna amounts in pteridophytes oxford academic journals. Pteridophytes are plants that do not have any flowers or seeds. Because pteridophytes produce neither flowers nor seeds, they are sometimes referred to as cryptogams, meaning that their means of reproduction is hidden. Firstly all the botanists divided the plant kingdom into two large groups cryptogamia and phanerogamia, linnaeus 1754 used the term cryptogams for the first time for those plants which did not possess visible sex organs. Introduction to pteridophytes and gymnosperms springerlink. The pteridophytes ferns and fern allies the plant list. The biodiversity heritage library works collaboratively to make biodiversity literature openly available to the world as part of a global biodiversity community. Ferns, horsetails often treated as ferns, and lycophytes clubmosses, spikemosses, and quillworts are all pteridophytes. Some pteridophytes of medicinal importance from rajasthan. Emeritusprofessorofzoologyintheuniversity oflondon. The following general remarks on the taxonomy of the pteridophytes at higher levels focus on the systematics of the ferns in a narrower sense, especially on what used to be called the. The way in which these characters combine in the species is still in study, but.
Pteridophytes are cryptogamic plants, meaning that they are flowerless and seedless. Pteridophytes are used by the physicians in unani system of medicine uddin et al. Pteridophytes are free sporangiate where isospores or micro and megaspores are released through the dehiscence of sporangia. The printed version, however, was effectively published on 6 june 20. Mar 23, 2018 the pteridophytes are an economically important group of plants. Megaphylls are the large leaves that some pteridophytes have. With the commencement of monsoon about mid june, the ferns and fernallies start growing vigourously and luxuriantly. Pteridophyta do not produce seeds but they produce spores. The modern classification of pteridophytes have been suggested by many scientist according to the sporne1975 pteridophytes have been classified into six classes.
Pteridophytes introduction, authors and addresses, systematic list, glossary, and key to tribes. Plant body is a sporophyte 2n and differentiated into true stem, leaves and roots. Medicinal potential of pteridophytes an antihyperglycemic and antinociceptive activity evaluation of methanolic extract of whole plants of christella dentata. Some of the characters of pteridophytes are as follows. However, the pteridophytes differ from mosses and seed plants in that both generations are independent and freeliving. The pteridophytes are an economically important group of plants. The entire plant of this species is used as medicine in ayurveda, sidha and unani. Without question, if these species can hybridize and combine socal led generic. Most pteridophytes are terrestrial plants and thrive well in abundant moisture and shade while some flourish well in open, dry situations especially in xeric conditions.
Pteridophyta teridafata os made from two greek roots that mean winged pteryz. The pteridophytes spore bearing vascular plants have been around for 408 milloin years. A few pteridophytes are aquatic while still others are epiphytes. Firstly, pteridophytes are the vascular plants plants having xylem and phloem that reproduces via spores. In fact, they can be considered as the first terrestrial vascular plants, showing the presence of the vascular tissue, xylem, and phloem. Jan 23, 2017 occurence most of the pteridophytes are terrestrial and grow in moist and shady places while some flourish well in open, dry places especially in xeric conditions selaginella lepidophylla. In chinese system of medicine, many pteridophytes are prescribed by local doctors kimura and noro, 1965. Similar to the life cycle of seed plants, the pteridophytes also involves the alternation of generations in its life cycle. In pteridophytes, the main plant body is a sporophyte which is differentiated into true root, stem and leaves. The study area is covered with a closed ombrophilous forest brazilian atlantic forest and lies approximately 630 m in elevation. The sexuality of pteridophytic gametophytes can be classified as follows. They are psilopsida, psilotopsida, lycopsida, sphenopsida, pteropsida and progymnospermopsida. Pteridophytes fern and fern allies comprise more than 10,000 species throughout the world and are roughly distributed among 305 genera. Gametophytes of homosporous ferns publications of the ias fellows.
1464 906 1399 358 1653 1045 224 65 98 843 452 336 1633 539 1503 1114 1124 1359 1431 93 309 803 75 608 1414 1490 737 254 1396 1292 278 30 807